Terms of Reference for a: Study on Stakeholder Strategy and Framework for Agro-Insurance in Palestine At Oxfam

Terms of Reference – Consultancy Service

Terms of Reference for a:

Study on Stakeholder Strategy and Framework for Agro-Insurance in Palestine

Ref:22/33/OPTI/JRM

Palestinian Agricultural Sector

The relevance of agricultural insurance derives from the importance of the agricultural sector itself in social and economic development in Palestine. The country is rich in agricultural biodiversity; enjoys a variety of climatic and geographical variations that enables diversity in terms of agricultural production; and benefits from its ability to keep abreast of agricultural technological development. The Israeli occupation however proliferates drivers and vulnerabilities including the confiscation of land, fragmentation of Palestinian territory, control over water and resources especially in Area C, limited access to international and national markets, and military and settler violence. Despite manifold Israeli-restrictions on Palestinian access to resources, movement, and trade, which have led to an overall decline of the sector, agriculture remains an important source of food security, livelihoods, and export revenues. Although impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic and operating under Israeli restrictions which have resulted in continuous loss of land and water, the percentage contribution of agricultural activity value added of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated to reach 7.6% according to 2021 forecasts. Further, agriculture provided jobs for 6.2% of the employed, in the third quarter of 2021, as well as providing a secondary source of income for many more households in the occupied Palestinian territory, where farming widely depends on family labour. Women play a critically important but often unrecognised role in the sector, supplying 87% of the labour input in livestock production and 54% in rain-fed crop production (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2020).

The overall economic importance of agriculture, however, is not confined to the sector itself, as it has forward and backward linkages with sectors such as industry, retail and wholesale trade, transport, tourism, and hospitality services, that rely on it either as a source of inputs or as a market that absorbs their outputs.

Over and above its economic roles, agriculture is an intrinsic component of the Palestinian cultural and social fabric, playing a crucial part of the national narrative and with a privileged place in literature, songs, and other artistic expressions. It has come to symbolise Palestinian resilience and perseverance in the face of ongoing land loss due to prolonged occupation and the expansion of Israeli settlements. Within the context of political volatility, one of the world’s fastest growing populations, and increased climatic variability exacerbated by environmental degradation, the risks faced by farmers and producers and other agricultural value chain actors are expected to increase, unless effective measures are taken to better protect the agriculture sector.

Within the context of political volatility, one of the world’s fastest growing populations, and increased climatic variability exacerbated by environmental degradation, the risks faced by farmers and producers and other agricultural value chain actors are expected to increase, unless effective measures are taken to better protect the agriculture sector. As described by climate change experts, climatic risks will potentially increase with future climate scenarios for Palestine projecting a rise in temperature, a decrease in average annual rainfall, translating into an increase in the risk of drought, and an increased risk of flood with the wettest days becoming more frequent. While currently, farmers and producers who have incurred such risks are partially supported through direct loss compensation, a more optimal system of professional risk transfer – insurance – is necessary especially with increased vulnerability of farmers and producers to risks.

A 2018 demand survey, administrated on a sample of nearly 100,000 small-scale producers conducted by the Palestinian Agricultural Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance Fund (PADRRIF)to assess the attitudes of farmers and producers towards agricultural insurance, revealed that 83% of the respondents expressed the need and their willingness to participate in an agricultural insurance scheme when it is available and ready. This is a clear indication for PADRRIF to move forward in activating an agricultural insurance programme.

Project Background

The ‘Building the Palestinian Agricultural Insurance Systems and Services’ project is a 36-month action lead by Oxfam together with the Economic and Social Development Centre of Palestine (ESDC), and funded by the EU. The action aims to increase the resilience of Palestinian farmers and producers against shocks resulting from production risks including climate change and infrastructural risks with the specific objective of putting in place an operational and sustainable agricultural insurance system and services through the Palestinian Agricultural Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance Fund (PADRRIF), with the participation of the private sector.

The project is based on the prominence of the agricultural sector in the Palestinian national context and intends to minimise the ongoing risks that farmers and producers face, and thus ultimately enhance the state of Palestinian agriculture in terms of its role, importance, strengths, and contribution to the overall economy.

The project is built on a previous EU-funded technical assistance project Developing the Agricultural Insurance System in Palestine: Pre-Development Phase, through which a group of experts were recruited to assess the current environment in oPt and prepare a ‘Roadmap on Agricultural Insurance Development’. The roadmap, issued in March 2018, describes technical, policy, legal, financial, market, and organisational requirements for establishing agricultural insurance in Palestine, and was developed with the full participation of PADRRIF and key stakeholders. It also builds on and scales up the ‘Developing the Agricultural Insurance System in Palestine’ pilot project funded by the Government of Sweden and led by Oxfam in partnership with PADRRIF, ending in 2019.

Following these earlier initiatives, PADRRIF implemented aspects of a risk study and created risk definition guidelines.

Assignment Objectives and Expected Results

The current assignment aims to develop a Stakeholder Strategy and Framework for Agro-Insurance in Palestine that can design and deliver an effective strategy for achieving a sustainable agro-insurance scheme that mitigates the production risks for farmers.

PADRRIF as a Center of Excellence

PADRRIF has been established and mandated under the law Decision No. 12 of 2013 regarding the Palestinian Agricultural Risk Reduction and Insurance Fund and its amendments by the Palestinian Government to develop a scheme to mitigate production risks for farmers, including agro-insurance in Palestine.

In its establishment, PADRRIF was given two main strengths in pursuing its goal of developing and operationalizing a workable and sustainable agro-insurance model in Palestine. These strengths are:

1. Representative governance structure: PADRRIF’s Board of Directors comprises fifteen members representing governmental and non-governmental institutions. This governance structure allows PADRRIF to coordinate a whole-of-government approach, coupled with the involvement and support of its critical non-governmental institution stakeholders, to develop the agro-insurance model.
2. Legislated and mandated role in agro-insurance: PADRRIF has a legislated and mandated involvement in all aspects of risk management including insurance in the agriculture sector in Palestine.

As a result, PADRRIF is the Center of Excellence that will provide leadership, best practices, research, support, and training in the following:

1. Development and operationalization of a sustainable agro-insurance scheme in Palestine,
2. Coordinator of the Whole-of-Government approach,
3. Development of supportive policies and regulations, and
4. Establishment of Consumer Protection and Advocacy mechanisms and frameworks for farmers regarding agro-insurance.

Design of a Stakeholder Strategy and Framework

Articulating PADRRIF’s leadership role requires the design of a Stakeholder Strategy and Framework that clarify the role and responsibilities of the public and private sectors in the development, operation, and sustainable delivery of agro-insurance in Palestine. Furthermore, identifies and harnesses the skills and attributes of each critical stakeholder in a managed process. This includes the development of:

1. A whole-of-government approach: to coordinate and apply the scarce Government resources towards:
  1. 1. Investment in risk transfer tools in accordance with Sendai priority No (3) Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience.
    2. Investment in public goods that support agro-insurance. These include weather stations infrastructure, remote sensing, data systems, agrometeorological research, and farmer education,
    3. Investment in subsidizing insurance premiums for insured farmers, and encouraging best practice among insurance industry players, and
    4. Identification of roles and responsibilities, as well as coordination of the activities of different ministries, authorities, agencies and other stakeholders, such as sharing of data and information and provision of support to farmers and other sources.
2. Technical capacity and knowhow: about agro-insurance within the Government and the private sector to successfully deliver a viable and sustainable programme, including the following:
  1. 1. Analysis and assessment of risk to (a) separate and (b) assess the direct agriculture production risk in Palestine to get a better understanding of what risks:
      - Are covered by the PADRRIF-administered Government compensation fund for farmers after a disaster, and how this “coverage” will work in a practical sense,
      - Can be mitigated by agro-insurance.
    2. Design and operation of a successful agro-insurance Programme in Palestine, recognizing the institutional, financial and political risks,
    3. Analysis of ‘smart’ subsidies of any agro-insurance Programme and the development of insurance subsidies that are (a) cost-effective, (b) minimize any disincentive problems, and (c) recognize the precarious financial situation of the Palestinian government as a result of the occupation. These subsidies can correct for failures and externalities (occupation and economies of scale) or achieve broader social and political goals. Experience elsewhere in other countries is invaluable for this assessment and should involve a study tour by critical stakeholders.
    4. Analysis of sustainability sources of the developed agro-insurance system, which may include among other: fees on certain services, and possible portions of insurance or reinsurance premiums, investments in relevant and accepted-by-law sources of income.

Future objectives/steps based on the results

Based on the outcomes of this assignment (policy framework, including clear roles and responsibilities), Oxfam and PADRRIF team will further build:

1. Recommended draft policies, regulations and special agro-insurance provisions as part of the insurance law, as well as any other related rules and regulations relevant to other stakeholders
2. A workable agro-insurance delivery model for Palestine involving cooperation between the public and private sectors, and
3. PADRRIF internal policies, structure, and institutional capacity as the centre of excellence that provides leadership, best practices, research, support, or training, and other services.

Assignment Scope of Work

The Consultant shall deliver the assignment in a phased approach. The Consultant shall provide an opportunity between each phase of the project to confirm the stakeholders’ level of understanding and reach their consensus.

Phase One: Facilitation and Framework Development

The phase if the consultancy work is expected to take the form of facilitation in the form of meetings, dialogues and discussions among the various stakeholders to be identified. This facilitation would only be possible after a through revision of available literature of laws, regulations, bi-laws, mandates and different other literature by the stakeholders that are identified.

The dialogue should consider the various backgrounds and stand-points of each stakeholder, while utilising the consultant’s previous experience, knowledge, and moderation approach to reach consensus on proposed/recommended outcomes (in full coordination with Oxfam’s and PADRRIF’s related project team members and manager).

The outcomes that shall serve as the base for the whole-of-government approach for the sustainable and operational strategy and policy framework. The outcomes shall be:

1. The base for the second phase of the study,
2. A guidance to the operational AI commercialisation/delivery model between the public and private sector,
3. The base for a more detailed restructuring and institutional development work on PADRRIF’s level.

Under this phase, the Consultant is required to carry out the following tasks:

1. Work closely with Oxfam and PADRRIF and, under their direction, work with other stakeholders, including public and private entities involved in the agro-insurance initiative,
2. Identify all critical stakeholders, including:
  1. 1. The Public sector stakeholders to participate in a whole-of-government approach to create and deliver a sustainable agro-insurance scheme that mitigates the production risks for farmers. This analysis shall include the role of each stakeholder and what and how they would contribute to the process.
    2. The other stakeholders involved in delivering the agro-insurance scheme, including their roles and responsibilities.
    3. The broader stakeholders on the demand and supply side, how they will participate, their requirements, and roles.
3. Describe how each stakeholder will contribute to the success of the project and the process of managing their participation effectively.
4. Analyse and focus on aligning PADRRIF’s roles and responsibilities through this process, describing how they will be implemented, including:
  1. 1. Developing appropriate government policies on agro-insurance within the various key stakeholder agencies and ministries, including:
      - The mandatory sharing of data and information between ministries and agencies,
      - The adoption of the PPP delivery model (See Appendix c), and
      - Support for farmer consumer protection and advocacy in insurance and risk.
    2. Strengthening the legal and regulatory environment following the adoption of the above policies, and identifying the regulatory developments (such as: development of legislative policy note (policy justifications), changes, additions, amendments, … etc.) that are needed on current regulations by different stakeholders and those new regulations that are needed, and
    3. Investing in the essential public services that support insurance. These include weather station infrastructure, remote sensing and data systems, agrometeorological research, and farmer education.
    4. Identifying and describing the regulatory roles of PADRRIF, including:
      - Market supervision (e.g., licensing and product review),
      - Consumer protection (e.g., standardization of policies and terms),
    5. Identifying and describing the policy roles of PADRRIF, including:
      - Sustainability (financial),
      - Access (by all consumers),
      - Product design and targeting,
    6. Identifying the potential functional roles of PADRRIF, including:
      - Consumer Protection,
      - Consumer Advocacy and ombudsman roles,
      - Consumer access to affordable and effective dispute resolution processes,
    7. Identifying the potential operational roles of PADRRIF, including participation in any proposed PPP model for the delivery of agro-insurance.
1. Validation and presentation workshop will be lead and facilitated by the consultant, through which results of the above work will be presented and discussed.
2. Results of the validation workshop will be reflected into a detailed recommendations that can be presented to the related governmental bodies for endorsement. The presentation of the final recommendation and endorsement processed will be coordinated between PADRRIF’s top management, the project’s Steering Committee, and Oxfam’s related project employees with direct consultation and possible involvement of the consultant

Phase Two: Regulatory and Institutional Framework Development

Under this phase, an articulation of the regulatory and institutional frameworks will be developed/modelled by the consultant. The phase if the consultancy work is expected to take the form of direct legal, regulatory, and institutional/organisational development.

Under this phase, the Consultant is required to carry out the following tasks:

Legal and Regulatory Development
1. Regulations development: the legal and regulatory team of the consultant will directly develop the agreed-upon changes, amendments and/or new regulations on the current and needed laws and regulations.
2. Regulations validation: Present and discuss (through meetings, dialogues and group discussions … etc.) those regulations with the related partners, reach the needed levels of amendments until those are accepted by all parties, including farmer’s representatives and insurance industry representatives.
3. Regulations endorsement processing: Coordinate with PADRRIF’s top management, the project’s Steering Committee, and Oxfam’s related project employees to present the developed regulations throughout the official process for official endorsement by the Palestinian government.
Organisational Development and Institutional Building
1. Develop organisational and institutional building requirements on PADRRIF’s level. Since all regulatory, policy, functional and operational roles by PADRRIF are identified and described under Phase One; the institutional capacity building team as part of the consultant’s team will develop the structure of PADRRIF in the way that makes it suitable to conduct all the new identified and modified roles.
2. Based on initial acceptance of the new structure, the consulting team will further develop the functional role map of PADRRIF and its units as well as job descriptions of all those who will perform the department functions.
3. Furthermore, the consultant will identify the needed future developments of functional and financial systems for each of the main functions, such as the consumer protection, market supervision … etc. Identifying those financial and functional systems will require coming-up with main titles and structures of the financial and functional manuals based on the new, combined, and possibly separated functions of PADRRIF and its departments.

Note: The actual development of policies, standard operation procedures, and supporting templates in the form of manuals is not the scope of this assignment, and will be further development through other institutional capacity assignments.

General

1. All the tasks under this assignment shall be designed and implemented in a simultaneous manner, unless results of one step do have an impact on the starting and implementation of another step.
2. Alongside the consultancy assignment, the Consultant is expected to provide technical assistance and awareness to relevant institutions involved on the whole-of-government approach, and its essential role in a functional frameworks and new systems such as in our case of new AI system. The consultant is expected to explain and show cases of success from various national/international models and provide evidence of success and failure driving factors.
3. The study depends on literature review, but more on experienced consultant combinations. Thus, consulting team is expected to provide convenience and convincing facilitation and moderation tools as part of the implementation. The approach should be comprehensive, yet detailed oriented.

Deliverables of this Consultancy Assignment

The deliverables under this consultancy assignment are:

Phase One: Facilitation and Framework Development

1. Inception report: The Consultant shall provide an inception report that includes a work plan on how they will approach their assigned scope of work within one month after the start of the assignment.
2. Interim report three (3) months after the start of the assignment summarizing:
  1. The development of the stakeholder framework, and
  2. The identification of the regulatory developments: changes, additions, amendments, and new regulations that are needed,
  3. The identification and alignment of PADRRIF’s roles and responsibilities, including a risk-benefit analysis of all of the options.
3. Final report of phase one (5 months after the start of the assignment): The final report shall cover all the analysis completed and the recommendations.
4. Two workshops to validate and present the findings and recommendations of phase one to stakeholders should be arranged and given by the Consultant.
5. Deliverables in both Arabic and English, with executive summaries in the other language.

Note: the bidders/proposed consultants are asked to provide translation services offer as part of their proposal, as documents may need full translation into the other Language (Arabic to English or Vise-a-versa).

Phase Two: Regulatory and Institutional Framework Development

1. Draft Agricultural Insurance Regulations in consistence with the PCMA current insurance law and its new draft law.
2. Draft amendments and additions to the existing laws and regulations other than the insurance law, which shall cover the roles and responsibilities of PADRRIF and other institutions/bodies involved in the AI system supervisions and operation.
3. Draft organisational and institutional building requirements on PADRRIF’s level.
4. Draft functional role maps of PADRRIF’s and its units in consistence with the regulatory framework and defined regulatory, policy, functional and operational roles.
5. Final drafts of regulations, PADRRIF’s structure and functional role maps with general directions on future needs of supporting systems (policies and procedures). The final copies are expected 4 months from finalisation of Phase One.
6. The required number of validation and presentation workshops to ensure proper presentation and endorsement of the drafts, duly coordinated and arranged with the project’s team.

Skills and background of the Consultants’ Team

The skills and background required for this assignment are an experienced team on legal, policy and institutional capacity building consultants/experts/advisors within the Palestinian context with special understanding of the Palestinian insurance and agricultural sector.

A combination of national and international team members is expected. Oxfam anticipate a consortium between either 1) leading international experts with local supporting consultants and implementation researchers, or 2) leading national experts, consultants, and researchers backed with related international experts. Local-only consultants, or international-only experts/consultants are welcomed to apply, yet solid experiences and previous like-wise assignments, clear and proper work methodologies, and practical implementation possibilities are all needed and should be clear within the technical proposals.

In all cases, the consultant’s team should have the following skills and competences:

1. A proven history in regulatory and legal enabling environment, agro-insurance, finance, business process reviews, and institutional capacity building including restructuring.
2. Ideally, prior experience in Palestine or the Middle East, with good understanding of the Palestinian context especially on the insurance regulations, legal structures and variations (especially between West bank and Gaza strip), Palestinian agricultural risks, and general economic situation.
3. Experience in agro-insurance, preferably from previous work in the region,
4. A proven experience working on legal and regulatory framing and reforming,
5. An ability, with self-initiations, to provide primary input into the study and coordinate the support team’s work from Oxfam and PADRRIF, and
6. A relevant university degree and practical experience researching legal and policy services, financial services, and Business Process Reforms, institutional capacity and organisational development preferably focusing on (a) insurance and agricultural finance, (b)organisational reviews and development, and (c) risk assessment.

Ability to:

1. Cooperate with public and private sector stakeholders including insurance, finance, government ministries, Oxfam, PADRRIF, and farmer organizations is highly desired, and
2. Form partnerships with local insurance companies and create a collaborative working environment.

Technical and Financial Offer

Technical Proposal: The consultant/advisor is requested to submit:

A complete [English Language] proposal describing / articulating general approach and detailed methodology that will be used to tackle the consultancy engagement. The detailed methodology must include (among others) clear approaches towards facilitating various stakeholders meetings and discussions, comprehensive revisions of laws and regulations, time needed between each phase and between main milestones within each phase.
A list of relevant experience of the same field.
Samples of previous experiences and assignments by the consultant and consultant’s team proving high quality delivery (confidentiality of such sampled experiences will be respected by Oxfam).
CV/s and copies of IDs of the team lead and other consultant/s. Work divisions and responsibilities between the team lead and other consultants must be clarified.
Signed “commitment letters” by all consulting team, including experts and advisors (of consortium and sub-contracting firms, if any). Commitment letters must ensure the full commitment of the consulting team to work on this assignment.

Note: The technical offer may not include any financial information. Any technical offer containing material financial information is considered to be in violation of the terms and shall be excluded.

Financial Proposal: The financial offer should include the following items and conditions:

Detailed financial budget/study cost segmented or detailed by main study components and actions/steps. Thus, financial costs and expenses should logically consist with the detailed technical methodology. Any contradiction between technical and financial items will be considered a weakness of the proposal.
Cost per word of translation of the final deliverables. Should the consultant be not willing to provide translation cost offer, the consultant must declare that clearly as part of the financial offer. Oxfam confirms that this shall not have any negative impact on the technical and financial evaluation of the main assignment and its deliverables other than translation, and this will not disqualify the technical and financial proposal.
Costs are to be detailed by daily professional fees, direct field and logistic expenses.
Clear daily professional fee for each of the consultants, international and local consultants, filed coordinators and researchers, analysists and data processors.
International daily professional fee for each of the consultants must include all travel expenses, accommodation, and local transportation, should international consultants are to perform work in Palestine[1].
The submitted offers should be in Euro NOT including VAT. The consultant should be able to issue an official VAT exemption invoice in addition to valid deduction at source certificate; otherwise Oxfam will deduct a percentage from the final payment according to Palestinian Taxation department & laws.
Submitted offers should be valid for 120 days from the final date of submitting the offers.

General Terms and Conditions

The assignment is open to all relevant consultancy companies/individuals. Both companies and consortium of individual experts and consultants are welcomed to apply. Oxfam will give equivalent weights for both applicant types, should both companies and individual consortiums manage to provide solid technical proposals.
All proposals will be evaluated based on internally agreed criteria as follows:

Criterion

Weight

Specific and extensive expertise in relevant market assessments 20%

Proposed team / personnel which includes composition of the team and their educational qualification and experiences. With equal competences, gender-balanced teams will be favourite 25%

Methodology and work plan which includes approach, detailed methodology, and implementation plan. The methodology should reflect the proper understanding of the assignment objectives and requirements, as well as envisioned deliverables.30%

Quality of the presentation of the proposal 5%

Financial proposal 20%

As clear above, 80% of the weight will be given for the technical proposal and 20% will be given for the financial proposal. The applicant should score minimum of 60% in the technical evaluation to be eligible for financial evaluation; otherwise the financial offers will not be opened.

Firms and group of individual consultants can apply for this request for proposals.
1. Service providers can participate individually or engage in a consortium of two or more firms/groups as partners. Only one partner can manage the consortium. All consortium members will be share implementation responsibilities, yet the consortium manager will be responsible on behalf of all partners contractually and financially. A form of such consortium agreement and sharing responsibilities will be asked from the consortium once succeeded in the bid and will be annexed as part of the contract with Oxfam.
2. Interested individual consultant/expert/advisor can only submit his/her CV under one applicating firm or consortium.
3. Sub-contracted firms (if any) must commit to submit their interest with one consortium only (for the case of consortiums).
Oxfam reserves the right to negotiate, accept or reject any or all proposals and quotations at its sole discretion and to pursue or act further on any responses it considers advantageous.
Service providers may alter or withdraw their proposal by written notification prior to the deadline for submission of proposal . No proposal may be altered after this deadline. Withdrawals must be unconditional and will end all participation in the competitive bid procedure
Any requests for clarification may be submitted by email to [procurement.jersualem@oxfam.org]
Service providers may alter or withdraw their proposals by written notification prior to the deadline for submission of proposals. No proposal may be altered after this deadline.
Proposals received after the closing date will not be considered, unless in Oxfam sole opinion there are exceptional circumstances which have caused the delay.
Withdrawals must be unconditional and will end all participation in the competitive bid procedure.
Oxfam reserves the right to accept or reject any Bid, and to cancel the bidding process and reject all bids, at any time prior to the acceptance of Bid, without thereby incurring any liability to the affected Bidder or bidders provided that the reason for rejecting all Bids or cancelling the procurement proceedings are promptly communicated officially to the bidders.
The successful service providers will be informed in writing that their 8. Proposal has been chosen (notification of award). Oxfam will agree with the selected service provider on the final contract version and will send the signed documents in two original copies to the successful service provider.
The unsuccessful service provider will be informed by e-mail/letter within the 15 days following the award.
Once the awarding decision made, the successful service provider will sign, date, and send back the contract. The selected service provider will have to communicate the number and exact references of the bank account where the payments will be executed.
Within 15 days of receipt of the contract signed by the contracting authority, the selected service provider shall provide the contracting authority with the performance guarantee. The performance guarantee must be 10 % of the amount of the contract and must be valid until the end date of assignment and upon receiving Oxfam approval on the final deliverable and realising the final payment. The contractor commits to extend the performance guarantee in case the assignment duration is extended.
If the successful service provider fails to sign and send back the contract within 7 working days and the bank guarantee within 15 working days, Oxfam can consider (after notification) the award as null and void.

Confidentiality and Copyrights

Oxfam retains copyright of all data, information and content created. The consultant team is obliged to sign and a copyright and non-disclosure statement, confidentiality agreement, and a code of conduct. Oxfam retains the full right to use the content created for example, in local and international media, Oxfam websites and social media pages; as well for building-on for future further studies and programmes.

Consultants Commitment Letters

All team members who accept to work on this assignment and whose CVs are submitted along with the technical proposal must sign the Consultants Commitment Letters to certify that they will be available to work on this assignment. These letters should be annexed to the technical proposal.

In case any consultant of the proposed team couldn’t complete the assignment for unexpected circumstances during the implementation phase, the company commits to inform Oxfam within five working days, and the will commit to provide a replacement with the same technical experience- this replacement will be subject to Oxfam approval.

Oxfam has the right to reject the proposed replacement and ask for other options.

Duration and time frame

The time frame to complete the assignment and submit the final report is estimated at nine (9) calendar months with 5 months for phase one, and 4 months for phase two. The assignment is expected to commence on 15 January 2023. The study will be supervised by Oxfam’s project manager and the related procurement officer.